前阵子刚入手一双Zamberlan登山鞋赞贝拉(zamberlan) 登山鞋开箱,来自意大利的户外品牌，穿了几天，发现鞋子确实棒!
同时也发现自己对鞋子的结构很陌生，就做了一点功课。
Zamberlan鞋子基本结构
这里不是要讲细部结构，而是在挑鞋时，常会考虑的关键结构。
基本上会看鞋面(Upper)、内里/内衬(Lining)、外底/鞋底(Outsole)、中底(Midsole)、鞋垫(Insole/Footbed)。
名词不讲太多，主要是要看图，掌握一下每个结构大概的位置，还有提供那些基本功能。
鞋面(Upper)
鞋面指的是鞋子最外面的部分，包覆脚趾、足部上部、足部侧面、脚后跟。简单讲，包覆了整个足部。鞋面可以切取自单一块材料或由复数材料拼接而成，此与鞋子的造型设计有关。鞋面主导整个鞋子的外观。有些鞋面会强调透气，有些则会强调防泼水等。
鞋面的材料很多，最大众化的为皮革材料。
内里(Lining)
使鞋在穿着行走时不易滑脱。
材质有动物皮(牛、羊、猪皮)、PVC皮(聚氯乙烯, Polyvinyl Chloride)、PU皮(聚氨酯, Polyurethane)等。
外底/鞋底(Outsole)
鞋底是鞋子底部最外侧的部分，与地面直接接触，相当于车胎，提供止滑、抓地力、与第一层缓冲。通常选用较耐磨的材质，根据不同运动取向设计不同纹路，以产生良好抓地力。路面越崎岖不平，横纹要越深、越软；路面越平越硬，横纹要越浅。提供鞋子安全性的关键部位，防止滑动跟跌倒。有些也提供隔热、隔冷等功能。
鞋底可由不同材料组成，包含皮革、橡胶、PU (Polyurethane)及TPU。
中底(Midsole)
介于鞋底与内里之间，提供稳定、避震、吸收震动、反弹功能，是鞋子的第二层缓冲，相当于车子的避震器。此处的用料基本上决定了鞋子大部分的缓衝能力。有些安全用鞋还提供了穿刺的保护功能。
中底可由许多不同材料组成。例如: Polyurethane (PU)、复合材料、克维拉(Kevlar)及钢材。
鞋垫(Insole/Footbed)
鞋垫为鞋子内部结构，正位于足底下方，与足底直接接触。鞋垫加强了穿着者对于鞋子的舒适感。同时可防止脚掌在鞋内滑动。提高承托，提高步伐的稳定。吸震。矫正步行及站立姿势。
技术简介
Zamberlan鞋子使用了许多自己及合作伙伴的技术，让使用者不仅可以穿得舒服，也可以达到提供登山、越野、打猎等特殊使用情境下的合适功能。
下图列出Zamberlan已使用的技术图样。多样的技术展现出Zamberlan在制鞋上的技术层次，与多年的经验累积。
Zamberlan鞋子相关技术图样。
HydroBloc
This is the trademark registered by Zamberlan to identify only the best quality leathers, tanned following a special treatment that enhances the water-repellency, resistance, and durability.
中文翻译:
Zamberlan注册这商标。表示其使用最高品质的皮料，经过特别处理，增强其防泼水性、抵抗性及耐用性。
RRS (Rubber Reinforcement System)
A special rubber reinforcement is applied to the upper, using an exclusive technical method developed by Zamberlan. It ensures maximum abrasion resistance, enhances water repellence and helps the boot to keep its shape during extended use.
FS (Foot Wrapping System)
An exclusive method from Zamberlan to shape the upper with special patented moulds.
The foot is perfectly wrapped, sensitivity, control, and comfort are enhanced. The one-piece leather upper ensures greater protection from water and greater durability.
Zamberlan Tacking System
Zamberlan special construction method which uses not only thermoplastic glue, but also brass tacks of varying lengths which are automatically machined in a specific area. This method is extremely strong and durable and allows easy sole replacement.
Zamberlan Air System
Zamberlan special construction and design method and choice of components to optimize the comfort. Boots crafted accordingly are extremely lightweight and over 30 times more breathable!
中文翻译:
Zamberlan融合了自家独特的结构与设计理论及材料选择，去最佳化舒适性。根据这些，鞋子的制作可达到极度轻量化以及超过30倍的透气性。
Zamberlan Ladies System
Respecting and analyzing the anatomical differences of the female foot, Zamberlan has engineered a special last and a specific construction method to offer the best fit for women.
Zamberlan Anti-Torsion System
It is the special stabilizer engineered by Zamberlan to achieve the best combination of torsional stability and tuned flexion at the natural foot flex point.
中文翻译:
由Zamberlan设计的独特稳定结构，去达到"扭转稳定性"及"在足部自然柔性点的屈伸"两件事情上的最佳化。
Zamberlan X-tra Grip
A revolutionary rubber and PU double density sole. X-tra Grip offers an impressive combination of features: maximum grip, good abrasion resistance, lightweight, great comfort, cushioning and durability. The rounded grooves encourage self-cleaning of the sole during use.
Zamberlan Dual Grip
It is a special rubber/PU sole developed by Zamberlan to ensure the greatest shock absorption, comfort, durability, lightness, and grip on any terrain.
Hydrobloc Barrier System
A complete protective microclimate for feet. Hydrobloc treated leather used in combination with a special Cambrelle lining and with the appropriate Hydrobloc Proofing Treatment to enhance the waterproof qualities of the boots and maintain comfort.
Zamberlan Cushioning System
To reduce the impact of the foot on the terrain at every step, the Z.C.S. utilizes different types of shock-absorbing materials all with high cushioning and stabilizing effects.
Gore-Tex
Microporous membrane with specific characteristics of water resistance and breathability. Its structure and construction make it an ideal lining for outdoor footwear.
中文翻译:
细微孔洞的薄膜，有着防水、特气的特性。该结构使它成为户外鞋的理想内里。
Vibram
Is the trademark internationally recognized for the quality, durability, and grip of the high-performance rubber soles.
中文翻译:
这个商标，表示使用国际公认具有好品质、耐用性、抓地力的高表现力橡胶鞋底。
Cambrelle
High-performance non-woven fabric, it is hygienic, antibacterial, extremely absorbent and quick-drying, very resistant to abrasion and stretch. All these properties make of it an ideal lining for heavy-duty outdoor footwear.
Cordura
The high-performance fabric of outstanding durability and excellent resistance to tearing and puncture ensure many years of enjoyment of lighter weight and breathable boots. Most of our boots use Teflon Fabric Protector treated Cordura to provide maximum water and stain repellency.
Thinsulate Insulation
A lightweight and thin thermal insulation developed by 3M that offers maximum comfort will keep you warm also in damp or wet conditions and has a superior active-breathing performance.
上述说明的中文翻译部分，仅针对有碰到的部分。这种一两句话的介绍，仅只提供一般性的浅层认知，若想深入，得另行查资料。
感想
在查相关资料时，发现制鞋又是另一个领域的学问了，不仅基础知识复杂，还有很多都还是高科技。
当然，现在不只是对Zamberlan鞋子有更深一层的了解。也对一般鞋子的整体结构更加认识，未来挑户外鞋，口味怕是会加重了!
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